Order and justice are the most important concepts of thought that are rooted in the worldview and ideology of each nation. Accordingly, the idea of Tensor, the Zoroastrian priest of the Sassanid era, is influenced by the religion of Zoroaster and his mythological view of the universe. In his view, myths direct and regulate the view of the pious and religious man towards himself and nature. A Cosmic Order in which everything has an end and everyone acts in his own duty under the supervision of Ahura Mazda in the battle of good and evil. The mirror of this upright view on earth becomes the chief-centered system in which the three elements of the ideal king, the universal religion, and the social hierarchy, establish Order and justice according to the eternity law called Ashe. Justice is transmitted from the individual to society, and all its details correspond exactly to religion and the Cosmic Order. The Tensor Letter is one of the classic texts in which the outlines of the political thought of ancient Iran are drawn. Political thought reflected in this text reflects the norms of the political and social environment of this period and the author has theorized in the prevailing religious intellectual space, namely the Zoroastrian worldview. The method used in this article, based on Tensor's letter, is Skinner's text-context-based method. In this article, an attempt was made to represent the role of mythology in the formation of the Cosmic Order in Tensor's letter.

In this paper, using simulation code CRPropa3. 0, the propagation of 104 primary Cosmic rays of proton and iron with energy range of 1018 to 1021 eV was simulated. The spectra of the secondary photons and electron-positrons generated in the interactions of ultra-high energy Cosmic rays (UHECRs) with Cosmic background photons were investigated. The photon and electron spectra considered here are generated in photopion production, beta decay, and pair production. The minimum energy of primaries and the spectral index of source injection is changed separately and the effect of these changes on the spectra is investigated. Also, the total primary energy percent which transfers to secondaries, is calculated. It is found that for both primaries, lowering the minimum energy of the primaries leads to the decrease of the flux of secondaries. This also results in the decrease of the total energy percent carried by beta and photopion products and the increase of the energy percent of pair production. Finally, in is shown that by increasing the spectral index, the flux and the energy percent of all secondaries decreases for proton and iron primaries.

Desacralizing of knowledge in the modern world and overcoming Cartesian dualism, and as a result, the alienation of man with the cosmos, led to the separation of man from the world. Despite its new name, anthropoCosmic vision has a long history in religions and has attracted the attention of thinkers in various fields, including Religious Studies, in recent decades. With the harmony and correspondence between man and the world, or in other words, microcosm and macrocosm as its implications, this essentially mystical vision illuminates many doctrines of religions based on the unity of self-knowledge, cosmology, and theology. This paper, first of all, deals with the anthropoCosmic vision, its definition and description, and then with its history expressed in various religious traditions, and then examines it as an approach in academic studies of religion. Achieving to a kind of ontological epistemology can be of its outcomes. Also, one can understand the conformity of the ritualistic Order with the Cosmic Order in the religions.

Undoubtedly a unified Order encompasses all the hierarchy of being. An ontological Order that has reached the deepest layers of theological, anthropological, and anthropological dimensions. The great set of being in a continuous and directional motion depicts the Cosmic Order in all its material and transcendental dimensions. Man is also the most important being in the field of existence that this Cosmic Order is manifested in human levels and appears as a moral, worshipful Order. Man experiences this current Order in individual and social morality in the form of human and divine interactions. In Avestan and Zoroastrian texts, this concept is referred to as Ashe. In this paper, the authors examine the moral and devotional Order in the Zoroastrian tradition by quoting religious sacred texts, and through this, they presented a relatively practical analysis of the concept of Ashe. In the ontological realm, Asha is not only a creature of Ahuramazda, in other words, is the manifestation of the wisdom of Ahuramazda, has collaborated with him and mediated the creation of Mazda. The full realization of Asha in the individual dimension of human life is evident in the form of a perfect human being, and the full realization of Asha in the social dimension of human life attains the Ideal City. On the other hand, it can be said that Asha encompasses both the material and the immaterial aspects of life. And to the direct and indirect influence of the various moral and devotional layers of human life. Thus, the life, durability and consistency of Zoroastrianism may lie in the great sense of adherence to and adherence to.

Any discussion about Iranian Identity takes us to field such as political thought. If we take identity as process of "Meaning construction and self consciousness", a process that roots in Iranian cultural characteristic, requires discussion about myth and epic, as two foundations of Iranian Identity. This essay deals with basic question: Why and how myth and epic, took part in development of Iranian Identity? The hypothesis that has been reviewed in this essay, is that, myth and epic as the first and oldest origin of Iranian thinking concern with political and social function with this idea in their structure that ideal political Order requires a conformity between the Order of society And Order of universe as a whole Shared effect of these two Iranian heritage, has been protecting unity and integration of Iranian people.

In this paper, after addressing various future singularities, predicted for Cosmos, an introductory note on Rastall theory is provided. Thereinafter, considering a flat Universe, the Friedmann equations of Rastall theory are derived, and the possibility of obtaining various singularities are studied in two cases. In the first case, the Cosmic fluid is an isotropic and homogenous fluid while the ratio of its pressure and density is constant. In the second case, the mentioned ratio is not always constant and Universe evolves with a specified rate. The study claims that whereas it is not predicted any future singularity for the first model of cosmos, some types of future singularities may be inevitable in the second one.

Cosmic Rays (CR) travel at speeds essentially indistinguishable from the speed of light. However whilst travelling through magnetic fields, both regular and turbulent, they are delayed behind the light since they are usually charged particles and their paths are not linear. Those delays can be so long that they are an impediment to correctly identifying sources which may be variable in time. Furthermore deduction of CR sources without knowing CR time delays is not possible, so the magnitude of such delays will be discussed and compared to the characteristic time variation of possible Cosmic ray sources.

Intelligent agents are considered as significant means towards realizing the semantic web vision. On the Semantic Web, integrating ontologies and rules enables software agents to interoperate between them, however, this leads to a problem, that no studies have focused on effective distributed reasoning for integrating ontologies and rules in multiple knowledge-bases. The methods that have been presented for distributed reasoning not only get a lot of times and memory, but also do not lead to a complete and sound reasoning. In this paper, to solve this problem, we present a distributed reasoning system that deals with the representation of the knowledge-base of Order sorted logic. This logic is able to describe the hierarchy of predicates and inheritance of expressions that there are in our natural language. To have a distributed reasoning, our proposed method uses the expansion of rigid and valid-non-rigid properties between knowledge-bases. Furthermore, with considering time and the situation of properties for reasoning, the non-rigid properties have not been ignored, in fact, in their valid time and situation, they are used. With this method, we achieve a complete reasoning and, moreover, the extracted knowledge is completely considered in the knowledge-bases and we have a distributed reasoning with high efficiency and sound without missing any information.

A challenge faced by the ancient culture of Mesopotamia was the possibility or impossibility of interaction or communication between natural and supernatural beings. While the present article assumes its possibility based on available evidence, it employs the descriptive-analytic method to identify various forms of revelation within the mythical Mesopotamian culture. The research findings indicate that in Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, and Assyrian myths, revelation manifested as an exchange or spiritual transaction bridging the gap between the natural and supernatural worlds. It served as a conduit for communication and the conveyance of desires, secrets, and news from deities to earthly beings, including both human and nonhuman entities. In this context, revelation often took the form of soliloquy and sometimes that of mutual conversation, presenting itself through experiences such as the soul’s journey, true dreams, auditory perceptions, and prophesies. It appears that the various forms of Mesopotamian revelations gradually influenced Semitic religions, likely influenced by the proximity of the Sumerians. Therefore, an exploration of the revelatory aspects of Mesopotamian myths becomes crucial for a deeper understanding of the nature of revelation in more contemporary religions.